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更新日期：2019-04-13
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lower limb radiographic positioning
radiographic positioning
radiographic positioning and related anatomy
Chest, Abdomen and Pelvis Radiographic Positioning application contain the anatomical review of the chest, Abdomen and pelvis. And the projections or views of the chest, abdomen and pelvis
abdomen radiographic positioning
anatomy of radiographic positioning
Radiographic positioning terminology is used routinely to describe the position of the patient for taking various radiographs. Standard nomenclature is employed with respect to the anatomic position.
Terminology
Basic terms of relations
anterior is towards the front of the body (Latin: before)
posterior is towards the back of the body (Latin: after)
superior is towards the top of the body (Latin: above)
inferior is towards the bottom of the body (Latin: below)
medial is towards the midline (Latin: middle)
compared with median which is in the midline rather than towards the midline
lateral is away from the midline (Latin: side)
proximal is towards the center of the body (Latin: near)
distal is away from the center of the body (Latin: far)
superficial is towards the surface of the body
deep is away from the surface of the body
ipsilateral is on the same side of the body
contralateral is on the opposite side of the body
Planes
the axial plane (transverse or transaxial plane): horizontal plane perpendicular to the long axis of the body
divides the body into superior and inferior parts
the sagittal plane: vertical plane parallel to the median plane (or midsaggital plane)
divides the body into right half and left halves
the coronal plane: vertical plane perpendicular to the median plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
Body positions
erect: either standing or sitting
decubitus: lying down
supine: lying on back
prone: lying face-down
lateral decubitus: lying on one side
right lateral: right side touches the cassette
left lateral: left side touches the cassette
Movement
flexion: decrease in the angle of the joint
extension: increase in the angle of the joint
abduction: movement of limb away from midline
adduction: movement of limb towards the midline
pronation: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing posterior
supination: movement of hand and forearm to bring the palm facing anterior
circumduction: circular movement of a joint using a combination of flexion, abduction, extension and adduction such that the distal limb describes a circle
opposition: thumb brought to oppose another digit
reposition: thumb repositioned back to the anatomic position
elevation: movement of the scapular superiorly
depression: movement of the scapular inferiorly
eversion: movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane
inversion: movement of the sole of the foot towards from the median plane
protrusion: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue anteriorly
retraction: movement of the mandible, lips or tongue posteriorly
Projections
antero-posterior (AP): central ray passes from anterior to posterior
postero-anterior (PA): central ray passes from posterior to anterior
lateral: central ray passes from one side of body to the other through the axial plane
oblique: central ray passes through the body/body part through a plane which is at an angle to the transverse plane/coronal plane
